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"headline": "The Legal Regime and Trend of Political Defections in Africa: A Doldrums",
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"text": "1. *(PhD, LL.M, BL), Barrister, Solicitor and Notary Public of the Supreme Court of Nigeria; Senior Lecturer, Nigerian Law School Headquarters, Abuja, FCT, where he teaches Nigerian Constitutional Law at the Bar Part I programme, [immafemi@yahoo.com](mailto:immafemi@yahoo.com), +234803639697."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "2. *(PhD, LL.M, BL), Senior Advocate of Nigeria; Founder, Solace Law Firm (Ndarani & Co), Abuja, Nigeria."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "3. A Adejuwon, \u2018The History and Law of Political Carpet Crossing in Nigeria\u2019 [2009] (11) Squib Guest [http://squibguest.blogspot.com/2009/11/history-and-law-of-political-carpet.html](http://squibguest.blogspot.com/2009/11/history-and-law-of-political-carpet.html) accessed 1 June 2022."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "4. O Awofeso and P Irabor, \u2018Party Cross-Carpeting in Nigeria\u2019s Fourth Republic: Cases and Causes\u2019 [2016] 6(9) Journal of Public Administration and Governance 34."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "5. EM Akpambang and OAO Oniyinde, \u2018Political Party Defections by Elected Officers in Nigeria: Nuisance or Catalyst for Democratic Reforms?\u2019 [2020] 7(2) International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies 12."
},
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"text": "6. Adejuwon (n3)."
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"text": "7. Akpambang and Oniyinde (n5)."
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "8. J Nwanegbo and others, \u2018Party Defection and Sustenance of Nigerian Democracy\u2019 [2014] 14(6) Global Journal of Human-Social Science 1\u20138."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "9. S Barnes, \u2018Defections, Decamping and Cross-Carpeting: The Challenges Facing Nigerian Political Parties Ahead of the 2019 General Elections\u2019 Democracy Speaks (2018) [https://www.democracyspeaks.org/blog/defections-decamping-and-cross-carpeting-challenges-facing-nigerian-political-parties-ahead](https://www.democracyspeaks.org/blog/defections-decamping-and-cross-carpeting-challenges-facing-nigerian-political-parties-ahead) accessed 1 June 2024."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "10. A Jinadu, \u2018Political Parties and Democracy in Nigeria\u2019 in Olu Obafemi and others (eds), *Political Parties and Democracy in Nigeria* (Kuru 2014)."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "11. A Abiodun, \u2018Why I Joined Labour Party\u2019 *The Nation* (28 May 2022) [https://thenationonlineng.net/why-i-joined-labour-party-by-peter-obi/](https://thenationonlineng.net/why-i-joined-labour-party-by-peter-obi/) accessed 1 June 2024."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "12. Winston Churchill, British Statesman and former Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940\u201345; 1951\u201355) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill) accessed 1 June 2024."
},
{
"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "13. Ronald Reagan [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan) accessed 1 June 2024."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "14. BA Garner, *Black\u2019s Law Dictionary* (10th edn, Thomson West 2014)."
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "15. GC Malhotra, *Law in India: Anti-defection and Commonwealth* (Metropolitan Books 2005)."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "16. MB Aleyomi, \u2018Election and Politics of Party Defection in Nigeria: A Case of Kogi State\u2019 [2013] 1(1) Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs 72\u201384; P Mbah, \u2018Party Defection and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria, 1999\u20132009\u2019 [2011] 2(23) Afro-Asian Journal of Social Science 1."
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"text": "17. Garner (n14)."
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"text": "18. [2016] 1 NWLR (Pt 1492) 1 at 23."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "19. SOmotola, \u2018Nigerian Parties and Political Ideology\u2019 [2009] 1(3) Journal of Alternative Perspectives in Social Sciences 612."
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "20. Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended)."
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "21. ibid ss 65(1)(b), 131(1)."
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"text": "22. Awofeso and Irabor (n4)."
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "23. ibid."
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"text": "24. CFRN 1999."
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "25. (2015) 8 NWLR 314."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "26. OS Apadere and JO Agbana, \u2018Cross-Carpeting in Nigerian Politics: Some Legal and Moral Issues Generated\u2019 [2015] 3(2) Frontiers of Legal Research 33."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "27. Channels Television, \u2018Why I Defected from APC to PDP\u2019 (2018) [https://www.channelstv.com/2018/07/31/why-i-defected-from-apc-to-pdp-saraki/](https://www.channelstv.com/2018/07/31/why-i-defected-from-apc-to-pdp-saraki/) accessed 1 June 2024."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "28. CFRN 1999 ss 68(2) and 109(2)."
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "29. AO Sanni, *Introduction to Nigerian Legal Method* (Kuntel Publishing House 1999)."
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "30. Vibelko (Nig) Ltd v N.D.I.C. [2006] 12 NWLR (Pt 994) 280."
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "31. AT Ltd v ADH [2007] 15 NWLR (Pt 1056) 118."
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "32. Olowokere v African Newspapers [1993] 5 NWLR (Pt 295) 583."
},
{
"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "33. (1994) AIR 1558."
},
{
"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "34. Constitution of India 1949 art 190(3)."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "35. Kihoto Hollohan v Zachillhu and Ors (1992) SCR (1) 686."
},
{
"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "36. [2007] 3 NWLR (Pt 1022) 618."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "37. ibid."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "38. [2004] LPELR-1968 (SC) at 24."
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "39. [2016] 18 NWLR (Pt 1543) 61."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "40. Ozomgbachi v Amadi & Ors (2018) LPELR-45152 (SC) at 48\u201349."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "41. Peoples Democratic Movement v INEC & 2 Ors [2020] 17 NWLR (Pt 1753) 303 (SC)."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "42. (2018) LPELR-45152 (SC) at 48\u201349; PDM v INEC & 2 Ors [2020] 17 NWLR (Pt 1753) 303 (SC)."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "43. CFRN 1999."
},
{
"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "44. (2022) LPELR-57166 (CA)."
},
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"@type": "CreativeWork",
"text": "45. LPELR-45152 (SC) at 48\u201349."
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"text": "1. *(PhD, LL.M, BL), Barrister, Solicitor and Notary Public of the Supreme Court of Nigeria; Senior Lecturer, Nigerian Law School Headquarters, Abuja, FCT, where he teaches Nigerian Constitutional Law at the Bar Part I programme, [immafemi@yahoo.com](mailto:immafemi@yahoo.com), +234803639697.\r\n\r\n2. *(PhD, LL.M, BL), Senior Advocate of Nigeria; Founder, Solace Law Firm (Ndarani & Co), Abuja, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n3. A Adejuwon, \u2018The History and Law of Political Carpet Crossing in Nigeria\u2019 [2009] (11) Squib Guest [http://squibguest.blogspot.com/2009/11/history-and-law-of-political-carpet.html](http://squibguest.blogspot.com/2009/11/history-and-law-of-political-carpet.html) accessed 1 June 2022.\r\n\r\n4. O Awofeso and P Irabor, \u2018Party Cross-Carpeting in Nigeria\u2019s Fourth Republic: Cases and Causes\u2019 [2016] 6(9) Journal of Public Administration and Governance 34.\r\n\r\n5. EM Akpambang and OAO Oniyinde, \u2018Political Party Defections by Elected Officers in Nigeria: Nuisance or Catalyst for Democratic Reforms?\u2019 [2020] 7(2) International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies 12.\r\n\r\n6. Adejuwon (n3).\r\n\r\n7. Akpambang and Oniyinde (n5).\r\n\r\n8. J Nwanegbo and others, \u2018Party Defection and Sustenance of Nigerian Democracy\u2019 [2014] 14(6) Global Journal of Human-Social Science 1\u20138.\r\n\r\n9. S Barnes, \u2018Defections, Decamping and Cross-Carpeting: The Challenges Facing Nigerian Political Parties Ahead of the 2019 General Elections\u2019 Democracy Speaks (2018) [https://www.democracyspeaks.org/blog/defections-decamping-and-cross-carpeting-challenges-facing-nigerian-political-parties-ahead](https://www.democracyspeaks.org/blog/defections-decamping-and-cross-carpeting-challenges-facing-nigerian-political-parties-ahead) accessed 1 June 2024.\r\n\r\n10. A Jinadu, \u2018Political Parties and Democracy in Nigeria\u2019 in Olu Obafemi and others (eds), *Political Parties and Democracy in Nigeria* (Kuru 2014).\r\n\r\n11. A Abiodun, \u2018Why I Joined Labour Party\u2019 *The Nation* (28 May 2022) [https://thenationonlineng.net/why-i-joined-labour-party-by-peter-obi/](https://thenationonlineng.net/why-i-joined-labour-party-by-peter-obi/) accessed 1 June 2024.\r\n\r\n12. Winston Churchill, British Statesman and former Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940\u201345; 1951\u201355) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill) accessed 1 June 2024.\r\n\r\n13. Ronald Reagan [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan) accessed 1 June 2024.\r\n\r\n14. BA Garner, *Black\u2019s Law Dictionary* (10th edn, Thomson West 2014).\r\n\r\n15. GC Malhotra, *Law in India: Anti-defection and Commonwealth* (Metropolitan Books 2005).\r\n\r\n16. MB Aleyomi, \u2018Election and Politics of Party Defection in Nigeria: A Case of Kogi State\u2019 [2013] 1(1) Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs 72\u201384; P Mbah, \u2018Party Defection and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria, 1999\u20132009\u2019 [2011] 2(23) Afro-Asian Journal of Social Science 1.\r\n\r\n17. Garner (n14).\r\n\r\n18. [2016] 1 NWLR (Pt 1492) 1 at 23.\r\n\r\n19. SOmotola, \u2018Nigerian Parties and Political Ideology\u2019 [2009] 1(3) Journal of Alternative Perspectives in Social Sciences 612.\r\n\r\n20. Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended).\r\n\r\n21. ibid ss 65(1)(b), 131(1).\r\n\r\n22. Awofeso and Irabor (n4).\r\n\r\n23. ibid.\r\n\r\n24. CFRN 1999.\r\n\r\n25. (2015) 8 NWLR 314.\r\n\r\n26. OS Apadere and JO Agbana, \u2018Cross-Carpeting in Nigerian Politics: Some Legal and Moral Issues Generated\u2019 [2015] 3(2) Frontiers of Legal Research 33.\r\n\r\n27. Channels Television, \u2018Why I Defected from APC to PDP\u2019 (2018) [https://www.channelstv.com/2018/07/31/why-i-defected-from-apc-to-pdp-saraki/](https://www.channelstv.com/2018/07/31/why-i-defected-from-apc-to-pdp-saraki/) accessed 1 June 2024.\r\n\r\n28. CFRN 1999 ss 68(2) and 109(2).\r\n\r\n29. AO Sanni, *Introduction to Nigerian Legal Method* (Kuntel Publishing House 1999).\r\n\r\n30. Vibelko (Nig) Ltd v N.D.I.C. [2006] 12 NWLR (Pt 994) 280.\r\n\r\n31. AT Ltd v ADH [2007] 15 NWLR (Pt 1056) 118.\r\n\r\n32. Olowokere v African Newspapers [1993] 5 NWLR (Pt 295) 583.\r\n\r\n33. (1994) AIR 1558.\r\n\r\n34. Constitution of India 1949 art 190(3).\r\n\r\n35. Kihoto Hollohan v Zachillhu and Ors (1992) SCR (1) 686.\r\n\r\n36. [2007] 3 NWLR (Pt 1022) 618.\r\n\r\n37. ibid.\r\n\r\n38. [2004] LPELR-1968 (SC) at 24.\r\n\r\n39. [2016] 18 NWLR (Pt 1543) 61.\r\n\r\n40. Ozomgbachi v Amadi & Ors (2018) LPELR-45152 (SC) at 48\u201349.\r\n\r\n41. Peoples Democratic Movement v INEC & 2 Ors [2020] 17 NWLR (Pt 1753) 303 (SC).\r\n\r\n42. (2018) LPELR-45152 (SC) at 48\u201349; PDM v INEC & 2 Ors [2020] 17 NWLR (Pt 1753) 303 (SC).\r\n\r\n43. CFRN 1999.\r\n\r\n44. (2022) LPELR-57166 (CA).\r\n\r\n45. LPELR-45152 (SC) at 48\u201349."
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